The London Tube map in 1933

When scrutinising the current Tube map for the London Underground, I found at the bottom of the map written in tiny letters that This diagram is an evolution of the original design conceived in 1931 by Harry Beck. This aroused my curiousity at what this original design must have looked like, in the number of…

Syria’s Foreign Policy Principles until 2011

Like my previous post on Iran’s foreign policy principles, most of the below is taken from an earlier unfinished and unpublished article I wrote in the end of 2011. I. Hostility to foreign intervention Damascus has, like Tehran, a strong hostility against foreign interference into internal affairs. Syria had been under the control of the…